Systems, Apparatuses and Methods for Processing the Contents of Tanks and Containers, and Methods for Modifying the Processing Capabilities of Tanks and Containers

ABSTRACT

A method for modifying the processing capabilities of a container. The method includes providing a container that defines a cavity and comprises a wall. The wall defines at least a portion of the cavity and has thermal energy transfer characteristics. At least one of the thermal energy transfer characteristics comprises a first value. Changing the first value of the one thermal energy transfer characteristic to a second value for at least a first portion of the wall, the second value being different from the first value.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention pertains to systems, apparatuses and methods forprocessing the contents of containers and tanks; methods for modifyingthe processing capabilities of tanks and containers; and moreparticularly, to systems, apparatuses and methods for regulating,adjusting and controlling the temperatures of the contents withincontainers and tanks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Containers, vessels and tanks (collectively referred to as “tanks”) areused throughout numerous industries to hold contents therein during themanufacturing, processing, storing and transporting (collectivelyreferred to as “process(ing)”) of the contents. To produce and maintainquality characteristics of the contents provided in the tanks, andideally enhance the quality characteristics, temperature of the contentsis an important parameter that must be continually controlled byadjusting, modifying and regulating.

An exemplary industry that uses tanks to process contents providedtherein is the wine industry. The wine industry uses tanks to receiveand process fruit juice, for example grape juice, into wine. Thetemperature of the juice during processing is arguably the mostimportant parameter or factor that can be selected, adjusted andmodified to produce and maintain wine having the highest character andquality. That is, the juice and wine must be maintained within stricttemperature ranges or tolerances to enable the quality production of thewine. Moreover, different stages of production may require differenttemperatures for the production of quality wine and each temperature ispreferably stabilized to be within a couple of degrees of an idealtemperature to enhance and maintain that character and quality of theproduct.

Fermentation is an exemplary processing step of wine production whereintemperature is a very important factor to be controlled for establishingand maintaining the quality of the wine. In fact, fermentation is theheart of wine making wherein juice is processed and converted into wine.Accordingly, this process greatly influences the character and qualityof the final wine product. Fermentation is a heat source process whichis to say that thermal energy as heat is generated during the process.However, the fermentation process only occurs or progresses while thejuice is in a specific temperature range. Consequently, the generationof heat during the fermentation process must be controlled andmaintained (that is, the temperature of the juice must be maintainedwithin the specific temperature range) to continue the fermentingprocess. Otherwise, if the temperature is not controlled, the juice willreach temperatures outside the specific temperature range causing thefermentation process to take a different biological and/or chemicalprocess which is not conducive to producing quality wine. Therefore, thetemperature of the juice must be continually adjusted, controlled andregulated to produce a quality wine. Furthermore, when the juice and/orwine reaches an undesirable temperature during any stage of processing,it is desirable to adjust the temperature to reach a favorabletemperature as quickly as possible. Adjusting temperatures as quickly aspossible will increase the potential for producing and/or maintaining aquality wine.

The current systems for adjusting, regulating and controlling thetemperatures during wine production are deficient and inadequate toconsistently produce the highest quality wine. FIG. 1 illustrates aconventional thermal regulating system 2 for an exemplary tank 4 used inthe wine industry. Tank 4 comprises a wall structure forming an innervolume or interior volume (not shown) defined by an inner peripheralsurface or interior surface (not shown) to receive and hold the volumeof grape juice/wine mass. Thermal regulating system 2 comprises athermal jacket 3 provided over a outer circumferential portion of anouter surface area of tank 4. For convenience, outer surface area oftank 4 will be referred to as an outer peripheral surface 6 (andunderstood to be opposite interior surface) of tank 4 with thermaljacket 3 over or covering only a portion of the outer peripheral surface6.

In operation, a thermal source such as glycol is provided throughthermal jacket 3 via an inlet 11 and an outlet 13. Before being providedto thermal jacket 3, the glycol is selectively heated or cooled relativethe juice mass depending on the processing stage and desired temperaturerange of the juice mass during the processing stage. A thermodynamicrelationship is developed between the glycol and juice mass whereinthermal energy is transferred through the wall structure between theglycol and juice mass. The thermal energy transfer occurs substantiallyacross that portion of the wall structure at the outer periphery surface6 covered by thermal jacket 3 and to the opposite portion of theinterior surface not shown.

The thermal jackets 3 of conventional thermal regulating systems 2 areexpensive to purchase, maintain and operate. Consequently, only aportion of the outer peripheral surface 6 of tank 4 is covered bythermal jacket 3. The conventional wisdom of the wine industry is thatthis design of the thermal regulating system 2 is adequate to controlthe temperature of the contents within the tank 4 and produce qualitywine. For example, the wine industry generally assumes that this designof the thermal regulating system 2 is capable of forming a uniformtemperature throughout the wine mass. However, the wine industry ismistaken.

Conventional thermal jackets 3 cover only 25% to 50% of the entiresurface area of the wall structure of tank 4. With only a percentage orportion of the wall structure being provided in direct contact withthermal jacket 3, only a percentage of the juice mass within tank 4 isdirectly influenced by thermal energy transfer, for example, by thermalconduction, convection and radiation. The balance of the juice masswithin tank 4 that is not located directly opposite and adjacent thethermal jacket can only be affected by the thermal energy transfer viathermal convection and convection currents which must move throughout anentirety of the column of the juice mass. This situation results in thedevelopment of different regions within the juice mass having differenttemperatures which detrimentally influences the quality of the wine(more thoroughly discussed subsequently). This development oftemperature strata regions is not known or understood by the wineindustry.

Consequently, there is a need to improve the design of thermalregulating systems of tanks, vessels and/or containers to facilitate thecontrol, regulation and quick adjustment of temperatures for thecontents provided therein. This improvement to thermal regulatingsystems will greatly enhance and optimize the capability of producing aquality product within the tanks, vessels and/or containers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention encompasses a method for modifying theprocessing capabilities of a container. The method includes providing acontainer that defines a cavity and comprises a wall. The wall definesat least a portion of the cavity and has thermal energy transfercharacteristics. At least one of the thermal energy transfercharacteristics comprises a first value. Changing the first value of theone thermal energy transfer characteristic to a second value for atleast a first portion of the wall, the second value being different fromthe first value.

In another aspect, the invention encompasses a method for processingcontents within a container. The method includes providing a containercomprising a sidewall. The sidewall having thermal energy transfercharacteristics. At least one of the thermal energy transfercharacteristics comprises a first value. The method includes providingcontents in the container and transferring thermal energy across atleast a portion of the sidewall to the contents. The method includeschanging the first value of the one thermal energy transfercharacteristic to a second value for at least a segment of the portionof the sidewall, the second value being different relative the firstvalue.

In still another aspect, the invention encompasses a container thatcomprises a wall. The wall includes an outer surface opposite an innersurface, the inner surface defining at least a portion of a cavity. Thewall has a first rate of thermal energy transfer. The container includesa fluid channel over at least a segment of the outer surface of thewall. At least a portion of the segment having a second rate of thermalenergy transfer being different from the first rate of thermal energytransfer.

In yet another aspect, the invention encompasses a system for processingcontents within a container. The system comprises a container having anouter surface opposite an inner surface, the inner surface defines atleast a portion of a cavity. A fluid channel is over at least a segmentof the outer surface of the wall. A first portion of the segment has afirst thermal energy transfer characteristic and a second portion of thesegment has a second thermal energy transfer characteristic differentfrom the first thermal energy transfer characteristic. A source of afluid medium is in fluid communication with the fluid channel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below withreference to the following accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a vertical perspective view of a prior art system forregulating a temperature of contents within a tank.

FIG. 2 is the system of FIG. 1 illustrating temperature, strata regionsand current flows of the contents within the tank.

FIG. 3 is a vertical perspective view of a system designed by theinventor of the present invention for regulating temperatures ofcontents within a container or tank.

FIG. 3A is a partial sectional view of the system of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a vertical perspective view of an exemplary tank illustratedat one method step for modification and incorporation into a system forregulating temperatures of contents within the exemplary tank accordingto a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4A is a partial sectional view of the exemplary tank of FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 is the exemplary tank of FIG. 4 illustrated at a method step ofmodification subsequent to the method step of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is the exemplary tank of FIG. 5 illustrated at a method step ofmodification subsequent to the method step of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is the exemplary tank of FIG. 6 illustrated at a method step ofmodification subsequent to the method step of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is the exemplary tank of FIG. 7 illustrated at a method step ofmodification subsequent to the method step of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is the exemplary tank of FIG. 8 illustrated at a method step ofmodification subsequent to the method step of FIG. 8, and represents thesystem for regulating temperatures of contents within the exemplary tankaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a vertical perspective view of a system for regulatingtemperatures of contents within an exemplary tank according to a secondembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a partial side-sectional view of the system of FIG. 10 takenalong sectional lines 11-11 of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a vertical perspective view of a system for regulatingtemperatures of contents within an exemplary tank according to a thirdembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a partial side-sectional view of the system of FIG. 12 takenalong sectional lines 13-13 of FIG. 12.

FIG. 13A is a fragmentary view of the FIG. 13 partial side-sectionalview.

FIG. 14 is a vertical perspective view of an exemplary tank illustratedat one method step for modification and incorporation into a system forregulating temperatures of contents within the exemplary tank accordingto a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a vertical perspective view of an exemplary tank illustratedat one method step for modification and incorporation into a system forregulating temperatures of contents within the exemplary tank accordingto a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a vertical perspective view of an exemplary tank illustratedat one method step for modification and incorporation into a system forregulating temperatures of contents within the exemplary tank accordingto a six embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is partial sectional view of an exemplary system for regulatingtemperatures of contents within a tank, the tank being illustrated withan exemplary baffle or vane structure for defining exemplary fluidchannels according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is partial sectional view of an exemplary system for regulatingtemperatures of contents within a tank, the tank being illustrated withan exemplary baffle or vane structure for defining exemplary fluidchannels according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is partial sectional view of an exemplary system for regulatingtemperatures of contents within a tank, the tank being illustrated withan exemplary baffle or vane structure for defining exemplary fluidchannels according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This disclosure of the invention is submitted in furtherance of theconstitutional purposes of the U.S. Patent Laws “to promote the progressof science and useful arts” (Article 1, Section 8).

The inventor of this application has performed numerous experiments andstudies of juice masses in tanks during processing of same using theconventional designs of thermal regulating systems 2 illustrated inFIG. 1. Contrary to the general understanding of the wine industry, theinventor has determined that conventional designs of thermal regulatingsystems 2 do not create a uniform temperature distribution throughout anentirety of the juice mass. To discuss and illustrate the temperaturedata discovered by the inventor, a conventional thermal regulatingsystem 2 with the thermal jacket 3 of FIG. 1 is again illustrated inFIG. 2, with the understanding that the temperature distributionrepresented is not understood or conventionally known.

It should be understood that conventional thermal regulating systemshave a single temperature monitoring device 8 provided to extend throughthe wall of tank 4, in a stationary configuration, and into the juicemass to measure and provide temperature data of the juice mass. Theconventional location of the temperature monitoring device 8 ispositioned immediately below the thermal jacket 3. Taking temperaturedata from a single location of the contents within tank 4 preventsobtaining accurate and beneficial temperature data of the contentswithin tank 4. Moreover, taking temperature data from below the thermaljacket 3 where the thermal jacket 3 has the greatest influence on thetemperature of the contents additionally prevents obtaining accurate andbeneficial temperature data along an entirety of the column of thecontents within tank 4.

For example, FIG. 2 illustrates general conditions that can developusing the conventional thermal regulating system 2 wherein threedistinct temperature strata regions or zones are shown. The differenttemperature strata regions develop along a vertical axis of the columnof the juice mass. The general consensus of the wine industry is thatthe juice mass is processing at uniform temperatures throughout themass. Without a proper understanding or knowledge of what is occurringin the juice mass during processing, different regions or portions ofthe mass are processing at different temperatures. For example, ifduring fermentation at least one of the temperature strata regions isprocessing at an unfavorable temperature, the fermentation processchanges drastically for the at least one temperature strata region. Thedifferent fermentation process detrimentally changes the chemicalcomposition of the wine product for the at least one temperature strataregion which drastically influences the quality of the entire final wineproduct.

To understand the development of these temperature strata regions,consider the thermal jacket 3 that covers approximately a third (⅓) ofthe surface area of the outer peripheral surface 6 of tank 4. As statedpreviously, with thermal jacket 3 covering only a portion of tank 4,only a portion of the juice mass is directly affected and influencedwith the transfer of thermal energy via thermal jacket 3. For furtherdiscussion, consider an exemplary thermodynamic relationship whereinthermal energy as heat is transferred from the juice to the glycol, thatis, the glycol is at a temperature below the temperature of the juicemass. Accordingly, in this exemplary thermodynamic relationship, theglycol is cooled before entering thermal jacket 3 with the goal ofcooling the juice mass. Because only a portion of the juice mass is inthe direct thermal energy transfer relationship with the glycol (andthermal jacket 3), the temperature strata regions develop within thejuice mass. The temperature strata regions develop at differentelevational levels along the vertical axis of the column of the juicemass. For example, an exemplary juice mass has an uppermost surface 63.The respective temperature strata regions are referenced as temperaturestratum region 7 (starting elevationally from bottom level of tank 4);temperature stratum region 9 and temperature stratum region 53.

Furthermore, temperature strata boundaries develop between therespective temperature strata regions which impede and/or preventmovement of convection currents throughout an entirety of the juicemass. This movement of convection currents is necessary to develop auniform temperature throughout an entirety of the juice mass. Forexample, temperature stratum boundary 5 develops between temperaturestrata regions 7 and 9 and temperature stratum boundary 51 developsbetween temperature strata regions 9 and 53. The temperature stratumregion 9 is a cool juice mass that develops laterally adjacent and belowthermal jacket 3 because this is the portion of the juice mass that isdirectly influenced by the cooling effect of thermal jacket 3.Temperature strata regions 7 and 53 are warm juice masses. Accordingly,temperature stratum region 9 of cool juice is between temperature strataregions 7 and 53 of warm juice. The development of these temperaturestrata boundaries and regions clearly indicates a nonuniform temperatureexists throughout the juice mass.

Moreover, convection currents are not moving across the temperaturestrata boundaries to produce a uniform temperature throughout anentirety of the juice mass. To produce a uniform temperature, aconvention current needs to move a portion of the warm juice from region7 across boundary 5 into a portion of the cool juice of region 9, andvice versa, to moderate the respective temperatures of the respectiveregions 7 and 9. Similarly, a convention current needs to move a portionof the warm juice from region 53 across boundary 51 into a portion ofthe cool juice of region 9, and vice versa, to moderate the respectivetemperatures of respective regions 9 and 53. Without these convectioncurrents flowing across respective boundaries, a uniform temperaturethroughout the juice mass can not develop.

Additionally, each temperature stratum region has its own system ofcurrent flows that impede and prevent the development of the theseconvection currents. For example, at least a pair of current flowsdevelop within each temperature stratum region wherein the direction ofthe current flows complement each other to strengthen the temperaturestrata boundaries. For example, current flows 55 and 57 are formed instratum region 7; current flows 59 and 61 are formed in stratum region9; and current flows 65 and 67 are formed in stratum region 53. Thedirection of the pair of current flows 55 and 57 within stratum region 7complements the direction of the pair of current flows 59 and 61 withinstratum region 9 to strengthen stratum boundary 5. Similarly, thedirection of the pair of current flows 65 and 67 within stratum region53 complements the direction of the pair of current flows 59 and 61within stratum region 9 to strengthen stratum boundary 51. Accordingly,the strata boundaries are strengthen effectively preventing the flow ofconvection currents across the boundaries to respective regions ofjuice. As stated previously, without these convection currents movingacross the respective boundaries, a uniform temperature throughout thejuice mass can not develop.

Moreover, if additional temperature strata regions are desired (morethan three, or fewer than the illustrated three) within the juice mass,the strengthened strata boundaries prevent altering or modifying thetemperature strata regions that routinely develop in conventionalthermal regulating systems 2. Accordingly, conventional designs ofthermal regulating systems 2 are inadequate to form uniform temperaturesthroughout the juice mass. Additionally, conventional designs of thermalregulating systems 2 are inadequate to selectively establish or form aplurality of temperature strata regions at selective elevational levelsthroughout the juice mass. Furthermore, with the strengthened strataboundaries, conventional designs are ineffective at modifying andadjusting the illustrated temperature strata regions.

An improved temperature or thermal regulating system for tanks has beendeveloped by the named inventor of the present application, thedisclosure of which is provided in a previously-filed patent applicationSer. No. 10/857,530, filed on May 29, 2004, entitled: “SYSTEMS, DEVICESAND METHODS FOR REGULATING TEMPERATURES OF TANKS, CONTAINERS ANDCONTENTS THEREIN”, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein byreference.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary improved thermal regulating system 10for regulating, adjusting and controlling the temperature of thecontents in a container, vessel or tank 12. Exemplary tanks 12 includeother containers such as vats, barrels, kegs which can be used, forexample, in the food and beverage industries to store, transport and/orprocess the contents therein. An exemplary tank 12 can be formed fromany material such as thermally conductive material, thermally insulativematerial, or any combination of these materials. Such exemplarymaterials include polymers, plastics, fiberglass, metals, stainlesssteel, polyethylene, and any combination of these materials. Moreover,an exemplary tank 12 may include an exemplary number of layers of thesevarious materials to form various combinations of surface structures fortank 12. Additionally, exemplary tanks 12 can have any exemplarycontents provided therein such as solids, fluids and gases, andincluding juice and/or wine. Exemplary processing includes the winebeing cooled, heated and/or maintained at a specific temperature orwithin a specific temperature range.

The exemplary tank 12 has a wall structure that forms a cavity orinterior volume having an interior periphery (not shown) to receivecontents therein. An outer circumferential portion or outer peripheralsurface 14 of the wall structure can include an entirety of the surfacearea of the wall structure of tank 12 or less than an entirety, forexample, only the vertically extending sidewalls as shown in thisexemplary embodiment. Tank 12 includes a bottom wall which is not shownbut indicated generally by numeral 31 with the outer peripheral surface14 extending upward from the bottom wall 31. The outer peripheralsurface 14 has an exemplary cylindrical shape and continues to extendupward to terminate at a top wall which is not shown but indicatedgenerally by numeral 33. A covered opening 16 in top wall 33 providesaccess to the cavity or interior volume of tank 12 allowing handling ofthe contents provided therein and allowing individuals to service and/orclean the inside of tank 12. While the illustrated tank 12 has acylindrical shape with the circumference of outer peripheral surface 14forming a circular horizontal cross section, it should be understoodthat tank 12 could have any shape configuration. For example, tank 12can have a horizontal cross section defining a square, rectangular,hexagon or oval.

Tank 12 can located at a customer's place of business wherein theexisting tank 12 would be incorporated into system 10. Alternatively,tank 12 can be purchased or provided for system 10 by a tankmanufacturer or producer and then modified for incorporation into system10. Tank 12 can be formed with the cavity having any dimension and/orsize configuration for the inner periphery or interior volume forreceiving the contents therein. For example, tank 12 can be capable ofreceiving and holding a volume of wine ranging from about 1 gallon toabout 200,000 gallons.

Still referring to FIG. 3, a first circumferential ring 19 is positionedand secured to tank 12 proximate bottom wall 31 and encircles the outerperipheral surface 14 of tank 12. A second circumferential ring ispositioned and secured to tank 12 proximate top wall 33 and encirclesthe outer peripheral surface 14 of tank 12. Exemplary materials forrings 19 and 20 include thermally insulative and/or thermally conductivematerials such as metals, metal alloys, foam, flexible foam, moldedpolymer composite, formed metal, low density foam, high density foam,styrofoam, high density styrofoam and high density polyethylene foam,and any combinations of these materials.

Tank 12 further includes vanes or baffles which are illustrated as aplurality of respective vanes or baffles 82, 84 and 86 secured to theouter peripheral surface 14. The exemplary configuration of baffles 82,84 and 86 are shown to extend in a generally helical configuration onouter peripheral surface 14 surrounding tank 12. Even though referencedas a plurality of baffles 82, 84 and 86, it is to be understood thatbaffles 82, 84 and 86 can represent a single and continuously extendingstructure as generally shown here. Exemplary materials for baffles 82,84 and 86 include thermally insulative and/or thermally conductivematerial such as foam, flexible foam, molded polymer composite, formedmetal, metal alloys, low density foam, high density foam, styrofoam,high density styrofoam and high density polyethylene foam, green polyplank, foam rubber, rubber and any combinations of these materials.

Individual 106 is shown positioning a sheet or layer of flexiblematerial 15 over tank 12. The exemplary layer or sheet of flexiblematerial 15 is provided over and in contact with respective first andsecond circumferential rings 19 and 20. In another embodiment, sheet 15is additionally provided over and in contact with baffles 82, 84 and 86wherein the sheet 15 spaced over at least a portion of the surface areaof the outer peripheral surface 14 of tank 12. The spacing between sheet15, outer peripheral surface 14 and respective baffles 82, 84 and 86form a cavity 60 (alternatively termed gap and void) with a portion ofcavity 60 more clearly shown in FIG. 3A. Sheet 15 is provided tosurround and enclose at least a circumferential portion of tank 12, andtherefore, is preferably a material that can be formed, molded or curvedto surround a structure.

An exemplary layer or sheet 15 includes thermally conductive materialand/or thermally insulative material such as styrofoam, flexible foam,molded polymer composite, formed metal, plastics, steel, metals, metalalloys, polymers, ceramics, rubber, composites and wood, and anycombinations of these materials. Sheet 15 in this exemplary embodimentis a continuous sheet that surrounds or encloses substantially anentirety of the surface area of outer peripheral surface 14 whereincavity 60 is substantially enclosed from the environment. Morethoroughly discussed below, cavity 60 will be divided to form a fluidconduit(s) or fluid channel(s) 60 (or fluid passageway(s)) over tank 12configured to receive a fluid medium or thermal regulating fluid. Itshould be understood that sheet 15 can be constructed by a mold, orformed from a molded material, for example, a malleable substance, andtherefore, preformed to be configured for positioning over tank 12.

Another exemplary embodiment of sheet 15 includes sheet 15 comprising aplurality of discrete sections configured to be provided together toform a single continuous structure surrounding tank 12. Moreover, it isunderstood that in one embodiment, sheet 15 does not substantially sealthe cavity 60. That is, sheet 15 does not hermetically seal cavity 60wherein cavity 60 is at least slightly open to the ambient environmentor ambient air, and therefore, cavity 60 in one embodiment is underatmospheric pressure. In another embodiment, sheet 15 will substantiallyseal cavity 60 to be air tight, or hermetically sealed from ambientconditions of the environment, or any degree of sealment betweencompletely open and hermetically sealed. Accordingly, cavity 60 can beunder a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.

Still referring to FIGS. 3 and 3A, thermal regulating system 10 furtherincludes a fluid tube or duct 24 extending between respective portionsof sheet 15. Tube 24 functions as a conduit for movement of a fluidmedium between respective openings 26 and 28 formed in sheet 15 and intocavity 60. Tube 24 includes a forced fluid device 34 (represented as ablock), for example a heat exchanger 34, to force and direct the fluidmedium, in one embodiment, along fluid flow directions 96, 98, 100, and102, and more thoroughly discussed below. Other exemplary forced fluiddevices 34 include a blower, fan, chiller, heater, any refrigerationsystem and an air conditioning unit. Exemplary fluid mediums includeliquids and/or gases, and any combination of the two, wherein anexemplary liquid includes glycol and an exemplary gas includes air. Inone embodiment, an exemplary source of air is ambient air. The fluidmedium is selectively provided to be in a cooled or heated staterelative the temperature of the contents within the tank 12.

The fluid medium will circulate through cavity or void 60 against outerperipheral surface 14 of tank 12. Heat exchanger 34 is provided in fluidcommunication with cavity 60 via fluid tube 24 and provides the fluidmedium in the selected cooled or warmed (heated) state into cavity 60against the outer peripheral surface 14 of tank 12. Accordingly, one ofopenings 26 and 28 functions as an inlet while the other of openings 26and 28 functions as an outlet depending on which direction the fluidmedium is being driven through tube 24. One exemplary direction 62 isrepresented. The fluid medium establishes the thermal or thermodynamicrelationship between the fluid medium and the contents within tank 12.That is, the thermodynamic relationship established between the fluidmedium and contents occurs wherein thermal energy is transferred betweenthe fluid medium and contents across the wall structure of tank 12 andthrough outer peripheral surface 14 (and the opposite interior surfacenot shown) of tank 12.

Referring again to sheet 15, such includes an inner surface 21 oppositean outer surface 22. The inner surface 21 faces outer peripheral surface14 after sheet 15 is positioned over tank 12. The wrapping step of sheet15 in direction 27 is only exemplary and can be in the oppositedirection. When wrapping step is finished, edge 32 of sheet 15 ispositioned adjacent edge 30 of sheet 15 to enclose outer peripheralsurface 14 of tank 12 thereby forming cavity 60. Cavity 60 isestablished between inner surface 21 of sheet 15 and outer peripheralsurface 14 of tank 12. Cavity 60 is further established betweenrespective first and second circumferential rings 19 and 20. The volumeof cavity 60 between respective rings 19 and 20 is further divided bybaffles 82, 84 and 86. Exemplary spacing dimensions between innersurface 21 of sheet 15 and outer peripheral surface 14 of tank 12 willrange from about 0.001 inch to about 5 feet, with another exemplaryrange being from about 1 inch to about 12 inches, with an exemplaryspacing being about 4 inches.

Sheet 15 may be secured over tank 12 by attaching sheet 15 at least torespective first and second circumferential rings 19 and 20. In anotherembodiment, sheet 15 is only (or additionally with respect to rings)attached to any combination of uppermost portions of baffles 82, 84 and86. Accordingly, in exemplary embodiments, at least portions of baffles82, 84 and 86 extend to contact outer peripheral surface 14 of tank 12and the inner surface 21 of sheet 15. The attachment of sheet 15 can beaccomplished by glue, adhesive, weld studs, screws, or some other formof fastener or bonding technique. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 hasbaffles 82, 84 and 86 extending as a single continuous length ofmaterial circuitously around tank 12. Other possible embodiments includehaving baffles formed or patterned in discrete segments having anycombination of different lengths. Moreover, baffles 82, 84 and 86 couldinclude numerous other patterns or configurations other than the helicalconfiguration shown.

In combination, respective baffles (82 84 86) and first and secondcircumferential rings 19 and 20 divide cavity 60 into respective fluidchannels or fluid passageways 88, 90, 92 and 94. Fluid channels 88, 90,92 and 94 receive and direct the flow of the fluid medium around tank12. That is, after the fluid medium is provided from the tube 24 viaopening 26 (or 28) formed in sheet 15, fluid flow of fluid medium isdirected in directions 96, 98, 100, and 102 over and against the outerperipheral surface 14 of tank 12. It should be understood that the fluidmedium may flow in directions opposite to directions 96, 98, 100, and102. An exemplary fluid medium is warmed in order to heat the contentsof tank 12 wherein thermal energy as heat of the fluid medium istransferred through the wall structure and outer peripheral surface 14into the contents of tank 12. The contents of tank 12 which is locatedsubstantially lateral adjacent the outer peripheral surface 14 willdirectly be affected by the thermal energy. If the fluid medium iscooled in order to cool the contents of tank 12, then thermal energy asheat of the fluid medium is transferred through the wall structure andouter peripheral surface 14 from the contents into the cooled fluidmedium.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, fluid channels 88, 90, 92 and 94extend around tank 12 forming a substantially continuous path alongsubstantially an entirety of a height along the vertical axis of tank12. Accordingly, the thermal or thermodynamic relationship isestablished, and correspondingly the thermal energy is transferred,through substantially an entirety of the surface area of a sidewall ofthe wall structure of tank 12. Moreover, substantially an entirety of acolumn of the contents along the vertical axis within tank 12 is in adirect thermodynamic relationship with the fluid medium. That is,thermal energy is transferred directly between the entirety of thecolumn of the contents along the vertical axis and the fluid medium.

Still referring to FIG. 3, thermal regulating system 10 is selectivelyoperated to heat or cool tank 12 and the contents therein. An exemplarytank 12 is cylindrical wherein the outer peripheral surface 14 is acylindrical sidewall of tank 12 which defines substantially an entiretyof the height along a vertical axis of tank 12. In one exemplaryembodiment, the heat exchanger 34 comprises an air conditioning unit,the contents comprises wine and the fluid medium comprises air whereinthe wine is to be cooled by the air. Ambient air supplied to the airconditioning unit 34 wherein the air conditioning unit 34 dehumidifiesthe air. An exemplary air conditioning unit is manufactured by HeatController, Inc., with an exemplary brand being Comfort-Aire® having anexemplary capacity of 10,000 Btu's. Dehumidified air is beneficial forefficiency of operation of thermal regulating system 10, and therefore,ambient air is provided at atmospheric pressure and cooled with themoisture content of the air preferably being removed. Accordingly,thermal regulating system 10 of this invention operates underatmospheric pressure and conditions which is economical and efficientcompared with conventional thermal regulating systems, particularly theconventional system that use liquids such as glycol. Due to friction,glycol creates thermal energy as heat during flow through tube orconduit structures, and the heat is additional thermal energy that hasto be moderated and dealt with which effectively diminishes theefficiency of conventional thermal regulating systems.

The air conditioning unit 34 forces or drives the cooled air to begin anair flow through tube 24, through inlet 26 and into cavity 60. In oneembodiment, steering vanes (shown but not referenced with a number) areprovided across inlet 26 to direct the cool, dehumidified air in agenerally tangential relation within cavity 60 over and along the outerperipheral surface 14 of tank 12. The tangential flow of the airrelative the outer peripheral surface 14 facilitates continued air flowaround tank 12 along directions 96, 98, 100 and 102 within fluidchannels 88, 90, 92 and 94. The cooled air contacts a first portion ofthe outer periphery surface 14 of tank 12 proximate inlet 26 to beginthe thermal energy transfer across the first portion of the outerperipheral surface 14 between the cooled air and wine mass of tank 12.The wall structure, including outer peripheral surface 14, will havethermal energy transfer characteristics depending at least the followingfactors: composition, thickness, configuration and type of materialsused for the wall structure of tank 12. An exemplary thermal energytransfer characteristic includes a rate of thermal energy that can betransferred across a unit volume of the wall structure (including outerperipheral surface 14) per unit time.

As the cooled air continues traveling through fluid channels 88, 90, 92and 94, the cooled air contacts additional different portions of theouter peripheral surface 14. Each contact establishes a thermal energytransfer across the outer peripheral surface 14 of the wall structure,for example, a second portion adjacent the first portion. Accordingly,the cooling of the wine mass continues. The air reaches the end of itstravel around tank 12 at the end of the path through fluid channels 88,90, 92 and 94 proximate outlet 28. The air continues moving and entersoutlet 28 of tube 24 for further processing that includes the air beingrecycled through the air conditioning unit 34 to be re-cooled (or heatedif this alternative is selected) and to begin anew the circulation ofthe re-cooled air through fluid channels 88, 90, 92 and 94. Accordingly,the thermodynamic relationship and the thermal energy transfer acrossouter periphery surface 14 of tank 12 begins anew.

As the cooled air continues through fluid channels 88, 90, 92 and 94 andcontinues contacting additional surface area of outer peripheral surface14, the cooled air is continually being warmed and increasing intemperature. As the cooled air increases in temperature, the temperaturecontinues to approach the temperature of the wine mass. That is, thetemperature of the cooled air is continually approaching an equilibriumstate with the temperature of the wine mass. As the cooled airapproaches the equilibrium state, the rate of thermal energy transferacross the wall structure and outer peripheral surface 14 is continuallydecreasing. That is, as the cooled air travels around tank 12, it iscontinually receiving thermal energy from the wine mass and continuallybeing warmed. Since the cooled air is continually being warmed, the rateof thermal energy transfer is continually decreasing (and of course, thequantity of heat transfer is continually decreasing since this parameteris included in a rate equation) as the cooled air travels along theouter peripheral surface 14. Once the equilibrium state is reached,thermal energy transfer across the outer periphery surface 14 willsubstantially cease.

In fact, the equilibrium state can be reached before the cooled aircompletes one cycle or trip through fluid channels 88, 90, 92 and 94around tank 12. Once thermal energy or heat transfer ceases, the winemass is no longer being cooled. Accordingly, in this embodiment of thethermal regulating system 10 shown in FIGS. 3 and 3A, the temperature ofthe fluid medium can reach an equilibrium state with the temperature ofthe contents of the tank 12 before the fluid medium finishes onecomplete circuit around tank 12. In this situation, there is a lack ofuniform heat transfer across the outer peripheral surface 14 of tank 12during a complete cycle or trip of the fluid medium. In this situation,the effectiveness and efficiency of this thermal regulating system 10 isgreatly diminished. Additionally, the lack of uniform heat transferacross the outer peripheral surface 14 of tank 12 during a completecycle or trip of the fluid medium impedes and/or prevents thedevelopment of effective convection currents needed to control, adjustand modify temperatures of the contents within tank 12. Consequently,the effectiveness and efficiency of this thermal regulating system 10needs to be improved.

Moreover, this embodiment of the thermal regulating system 10 hasadditional issues that need to be addressed. For example, the greatestrate and quantity of thermal energy transfer occurs at the beginning ofthe fluid flow at the above-described first portion of the outerperiphery surface 14 proximate inlet 26. The cooled air has not beenwarmed (maybe negligibly in tube 24) and has not increased intemperature at the beginning of fluid flow through fluid channels 88,90, 92 and 94. Consequently, once thermal energy transfer begins, thegreatest rate and quantity of thermal energy transfer occurs at thisfirst portion of the outer periphery surface 14 proximate inlet 26. Therate and quantity of heat transfer can be so intense at this firstportion of the outer periphery surface 14 that ice develops on theportion of the interior surface (not shown) opposite the first portionof outer peripheral surface 14. Ice is an insulator which means thatthermal energy is insulated from being transferred across this firstportion of outer peripheral surface 14. Heat transfer is impeded and/orterminates at the first portion of outer peripheral surface 14.

Furthermore, once ice forms opposite the first portion of outerperipheral surface 14 and heat transfer ceases, the cooled air movingover the first portion of outer peripheral surface 14 receives nothermal energy. Accordingly, the cool air reaches and contacts thesecond portion of the outer peripheral surface 14 adjacent the firstportion still having its greatest cooling effect or capacity. This levelof cooling capacity originally resulted in the ice being formed at thefirst portion, and therefore, ice begins to form opposite the secondportion of outer peripheral surface 14. Consequently, ice can be formedon the interior surface (not shown) of wall structure along oppositeserially adjacent portions of outer periphery surface 14. Since iceformation creates an insulating layer opposite the entirety of outerperiphery surface 14 where thermal energy transfer needs to occur, thecooling process of the wine mass terminates effectively negating thepurpose of the thermal regulating system 10. The effectiveness andefficiency of this thermal regulating system 10 needs to be improved.

A final issue with this thermal regulating system 10 which concerns thedevelopment of the ice. When ice is produced, the ice needs to be meltedfor the thermal regulating system 10 to begin functioning efficiency.However, the forming of ice is a heat source process wherein convertinga fluid from the gas or liquid state to a solid state releases thermalenergy as heat. If the desire is to cool the wine mass of tank 12, thisheat energy is additional thermal energy that has to be absorbed by thecooled air produced by the thermal regulating system 10. Accordingly,the cooled air is receiving thermal energy as heat during the melting ofthe ice, but the cooled air is not cooling the wine mass. The cooled airis losing its capacity to cool the wine, and therefore, the thermalregulating system 10 becomes inefficient and ineffective having tocontinually provide energy to melt the ice instead of cooling the winemass. Consequently, thermal regulating system 10 needs to be improved toselectively distribute the thermal energy transfer across differentportions of the outer periphery surface 14 of the wall structure. Thatis, the thermal energy transfer characteristics of different portions ofthe wall structure should be modified to at least: prevent the fluidmedium from reaching a temperature equilibrium state with thetemperature of the contents before finishing a complete cycle or fluidflow trip through fluid channels 88, 90, 92 and 94 around tank 12; andprevent the formation of ice on the interior surface of the wallstructure of tank 12.

FIGS. 4 and 4A illustrate an exemplary vessel, container or tank 142that will be modified for incorporation into a thermal regulating system140 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Thisembodiment of thermal regulating system 140 and all subsequentlydisclosed inventive embodiments solve the issues discussed above. Theinventive embodiment of thermal regulating system 140 and allsubsequently disclosed inventive embodiments may include all thestructural components, configurations, materials and dimensionsdisclosed above with respect to thermal regulating system 10. That is,all the discussions above with respect to tank 12 of FIG. 3 areapplicable to subsequently described tanks for subsequently disclosedthermal regulating systems.

Tank 142 comprises a wall structure 141 (FIG. 4A) having an exteriorsurface or outer peripheral surface 144 opposite an inner surface orinterior surface 197. In one embodiment, outer peripheral surface 144forms at least a portion of an entirety of the outer or exterior surfacearea of tank 142. In another embodiment, outer peripheral surface 144can include an entirety of exterior surface area which would include topand bottom portion not shown. In the shown embodiment, outer peripheralsurface 144 forms substantially an entirety of a sidewall surface areaof tank 142, and will be referred to as sidewall surface 144. All thediscussions above with respect to outer periphery surface 14 of FIG. 3are applicable to sidewall surface 144. Inner surface or interiorsurface 197 forms or defines an inner or interior cavity which has aninner or interior volume to receive contents provided therein, forexample, solid materials and/or fluids, such as juice and/or wine.

Tank 142, including wall structure 141, is formed from any exemplarymaterial characterized as thermally insulative material and/or thermallyconductive material, and any material characterized as between thermallyconductive and thermally insulative such as semiconductive material.Exemplary materials for tank 142 include polymers, glass, crystalstructures, ceramics, plastics, fiberglass, metals, metal alloys,polyethylene, wood, stainless steel and include any combination of thevarious materials. An exemplary crystal structure includes quartz. Anexemplary stainless steel includes a thickness of 16 gauge and having acomposition of, for example, Type 304. Additionally, exemplary tank 142can be formed from any number of layers of the various materials andhaving any thickness for the respective layers. An exemplary thicknessof the walls of tank 142 depends on the selected material(s) and thesize of the interior volume of tank 142. As the interior volume of tank142 increases (and correspondingly an increase in the volume of contentsthat can be held in the tank), the thickness of the wall configurationroutinely needs to be increased in order to hold the volume of contents.What ever material(s), number of layers and thickness of the layers usedfor tank 142, tank 142 will have respective values for thermal energytransfer characteristics, for example, respective values for rate and/orquantity of thermal energy that will transfer (thermal energy transfer)across a unit volume of the wall structure 141 for a given unit of time.Thermal energy transfer occurs by any method known, for example, bythermal conduction, thermal convection and thermal radiation or thermalelectromagnetic radiation.

In this exemplary tank 142, wall structure 141 includes sidewall surface144 which includes an entirety of a side surface area of tank 142.Accordingly, in this exemplary embodiment, sidewall surface 144 excludesbottom and top walls or surfaces of tank 142. An exemplary sidewallsurface 144 is cylindrically shaped with a circular horizontal crosssection. Sidewall surface 144 includes seams 146 wherein sections ofmaterial are secured together to form sidewall surface 144 of tank 142.In other embodiments, seams would not exist if sidewall surface 144 isformed as a single piece, for example, from materials such as polymersand plastic. Moreover, other exemplary horizontal cross-sectional shapesfor sidewall surface 144 are possible, and include rectangular,hexagonal, square and oval to name only a few configurations. Anexemplary height along a vertical axis for tank 142 is approximatelytwelve feet (shown relative individual 152) and has an exemplaryinterior volume capacity of about 1,000 to about 2,700 gallons. However,other exemplary sizes or capacities for tank 142 can range from lessthan about one gallon to about 200,000 gallons with vertical heightsranging from less than about one foot to about 50 feet. Still othercapacities for tank 142 can range below one gallon, for example, about10 milliliters which is a tank that can be used in forming and/orprocessing ruby crystal growth. Exemplary tank 142 includes a firstaccess opening or manway 150 (or access hatch) for accessing theinterior volume of the cavity defined by interior surface 197 and isformed through an uppermost surface or top wall (not shown) of tank 142.A second access opening 116 is provided in a lower portion of sidewallsurface 144 and through wall structure 141 of tank 142 to furtherfacilitate accessing the interior volume of tank 142.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary step of a method for incorporating tank142 into thermal regulating system 140 according to one embodiment ofthe present invention. For illustration purposes, it is assumed thatindividual 152 makes the modifications to tank 142 discussedsubsequently. First circumferential ring 112 is secured to, and tosurround, an upper circumferential portion of sidewall surface 144.First circumferential ring 112 extends laterally outwardly from sidewallsurface 144. A second circumferential ring 157 is secured to, and tosurround, a lower circumferential portion of sidewall surface 144.Second circumferential ring 157 extends laterally outwardly fromsidewall surface 144. Exemplary first and second circumferential rings112 and 157 are formed from the same material, or different respectivematerials. All the discussions above with respect to first and secondcircumferential rings 19 and 20 of FIG. 3 are applicable to first andsecond circumferential rings 112 and 157.

Exemplary materials for first and second circumferential rings 112 and157 comprise thermally insulative material and/or thermally conductivematerial such as polymers, plastics, fiberglass, metals, metal alloys,stainless steel, polyethylene, wood, foam, flexible foam, molded polymercomposite, formed metal, low density foam, high density foam, styrofoam,high density styrofoam and high density polyethylene foam and includingany combinations of these materials. First and second circumferentialrings 112 and 157 are secured to sidewall surface 144 of tank 142 by anadhesive, for example, hot melt glue. Alternatively, a combination ofhot melt glue is used with poly foam tape, for example, a double stickfoam tape manufactured by 3M.

Still referring to FIG. 5, a base portion 156 is provided below secondcircumferential ring 157, and preferably below an entirety of tank 142.Base portion 156 can be formed from all the above stated exemplarymaterials for first and second circumferential rings 112 and 157. Baseportion 156 preferably comprises insulative material configured toinsulate tank 142 from a supporting surface on which tank 142 rests.Alternatively, base portion 156 can be the ground or floor of anenclosure such as a warehouse. A vane or baffle structure 158 (can bereferred to as vanes, baffles, vane structure and/or baffle structure)is secured over, and in this embodiment, directly onto sidewall surface144 of tank 142. All the discussions above with respect to baffles 82,84 and 86 of FIG. 3 are applicable to vane structure 158. A layer orcoating of material 110 is secured over, and in this embodiment,directly onto at least a portion of sidewall surface 144 betweenportions of vane structure 158 (layer 110 more thoroughly discussedsubsequently). The vanes 158 can be provided before or after theproviding of layer or coating 110. Alternatively, the respectivestructures (vanes 158 and layer 110) can be provided in staggered steps,wherein a portion of vane 158 is provided and then a portion of coating110 is provided, or visa versa, and any combination of the staggeredsteps is applicable.

Exemplary materials for vanes 158 can include thermally conductivematerial and/or thermally insulative material such as rubber, polymers,plastics, fiberglass, metals, stainless steel, polyethylene, wood, foam,flexible foam, molded polymer composite, formed metal, low densitypolyethylene foam, high density foam, styrofoam, high density styrofoamand high density polyethylene foam, metal alloys and including anycombinations of these materials. The illustrated vane structure 158 fromthis perspective of tank 142 appear as discrete sections oriented in aparallel and helical configuration around tank 142. However, it shouldbe understood that to form the helical design shown, there are actuallytwo continuous strips of material that surround tank 142. In thisillustrated example, one continuous strip of vane structure 158 isspaced from the other, and both strips extend generally parallelrelative to one another in the helical configuration.

However, numerous other exemplary designs for vane structure 158 arethoroughly described and discussed in the disclosure of thepreviously-filed patent application Ser. No. 10/857,530, previouslystated to be incorporated herein by reference. For example, otherexemplary designs for vane structure 158 include patterns of discreteand discontinuous lengths or stipes of material having the same, orvarious different, length dimensions over sidewall surface 144.Additionally, each discontinuous and discrete portion or strips of vanestructure 158 can comprise the same material, or different materials forrespective different discrete portions. Exemplary vane structure 158extends laterally from sidewall surface 144, generally perpendicularlyfrom sidewall surface 144 with an outermost edge 159 spaced andgenerally parallel with sidewall surface 144. However, vane structure158 can extend at an angle relative sidewall surface 144 with anexemplary range of angles being between about 0 degrees to about 180degrees (with the understanding that 0 degrees and 180 degreescorresponds to outermost edge 159 being generally perpendicular tosidewall surface 144).

Vane structure 158 extends to surround at least a portion of thecircumference of tank 142 with an exemplary configuration having ahelical shape. Other configurations other than the helical shape arepossible, for example, vane 158 can extend generally vertically along avertical axis along the height direction of tank 142. Otherconfigurations of vane 158 include vanes extending generally horizontal,or at any angle relative a horizontal axis, wherein opposite ends meetto form a circle around tank 142. From this side view, the helicalconfiguration of vane structure 158 has various portions of vane 158illustrated, with respective portions of vane structure 158 spaced fromanother portion of vane structure 158. The spacing between respectiveportions of vane structure 158 form respective channel regions 165, 180,182, 184 and 186. The illustrated channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and186 will be covered to form a fluid channel or fluid passageway ofthermal regulating system 140 to be described subsequently. It should beunderstood that the respective channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and186 can extend to surround tank 142 without interruption along anentirety of the vertical axis and along an entirety of sidewall surface144 (with the further understanding that from this perspective, a fluidmedium is alternatively moving down and up in respective adjacentchannel regions, see FIG. 7).

An illustrated flow of an exemplary fluid medium is shown in FIG. 7, andit should be understood that the helical design of the exemplary channelregions has the fluid medium flowing in an upward fashion throughchannel region 180. Moreover, the fluid medium will flow in a downwardfashion through the channel regions located elevationally below andabove channel region 180. It should be understood that portions of areasover tank 142 can have channel regions that are blocked from the flow ofthe fluid medium by, for example, vertically extending vanes or bafflessuch as vertical baffles 188 and 118. Vertical baffle 118 isolatessecond access opening 116 from channel regions 182 and 186. Verticalbaffle 188 will be more thoroughly discussed subsequently. It should beunderstood that various other configurations for vertical baffles 118and 188 are possible, for example, additional vertical baffles could beincluded at any location within the channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184and 186 on sidewall surface 144. Furthermore, each vertical baffle canhave openings to extend through the structure from one vertical side tothe opposite vertical side (particularly discussed with respect to FIGS.17-19).

Again referring to FIG. 5, exemplary spacing dimensions along thevertical axis between respective portions of vane structure 158 thatdefine respective channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and 186 will rangefrom below about 1.0 inch to about 72.0 inches (6 feet). Anotherexemplary range for the spacing dimensions includes from about 6.0inches to about 100 inches. For example, channel regions 165 and 180measure about 40.0 inches. It should be understood that as an exemplaryfluid channel extends around tank 142 along sidewall surface 144, thespacing dimensions can vary and are not necessarily uniform. Forexample, fluid channel 182 has one illustrated spacing dimension and asthe fluid channel extends toward vertical baffle 118, the spacingdimension of fluid channel 182 increases in dimension. An exemplary vanestructure 158 (with the understanding that this exemplary helical designhas two separate and coordinated extensions of material surrounding tank142 as discussed above) is secured directly to contact the sidewallsurface 144 of tank 142. Alternatively, vane structure 158 can bepositioned over and directly contact coating 110 without contactingsidewall surface 144. In the latter configuration, vane structure 158may be secured to inside portions (portions facing tank 142) of coating110, and/or of a housing 199 (discussed below), and/or of an outer shell173 (discussed below), or secured to any combination of inside portionsof sidewall surface 144, coating 110, housing 199 and/or outer shell173.

Still referring to FIG. 5, an exemplary layer 110 can comprise variouslayer structures, for example, a solid layer such as a solid materiallayer, and alternatively, a porous layer such as a screen and/or meshstructure layer and/or a plastic scratcher pad material. Other exemplarylayer structures for layer 110 comprise blown insulative material suchas foam or plastic. Other exemplary layer structures for layer 110comprise coatings of material such as paint and include paint withparticles provided therein. Moreover, layer 110 can comprise anycombination of these layer structures. Exemplary material compositionsfor layer 110 comprise: materials such as foam and all the variationsthereof; flexible foam; molded polymer composite; plastic and all thevariations thereof; fiberglass; metal and all the variations thereofsuch as alloys; metal foil; rubber and all the variations thereof; lowdensity foam; high density foam; styrofoam; high density styrofoam; highdensity polyethylene foam; coatings and all the variations thereof;paint and all the variations thereof; and any various combinations ofthe material compositions, including any various combinations of thevarious layer structures discussed previously.

An exemplary layer 110 is provided over sidewall surface 144 to modifytank 142, particularly to change thermal energy transfer characteristicsof wall structure 141. This exemplary layer 110 comprises a plurality ofstrips of material between respective portions of vane structure 158within channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and 186. Exemplary layer 110surrounds at least a portion of the circumference of tank 142 over atleast a portion of sidewall surface 144 of tank 142, and alternatively,can cover an entirety of sidewall surface 144 of wall structure 141.That is, portions of layer 110 can be provided within an entirety ofchannel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and 186, or only portions ofrespective channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and 186, and anycombination thereof. Additionally, if exemplary channel regions do notcover an entirety of the area of sidewall surface 144 of tank 142, thenlayer 110 can be provided on portions of the area of sidewall surface144 of tank 142 outside channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and 186. Itshould be understood that layer 110 can extend as a single continuouslength of material, or be patterned in discrete, discontinuous lengthsof material. Exemplary discrete and discontinuous length dimensions oflayer 110 can have the same length dimension relative one another, orvarious different length dimensions. Exemplary layer 110 will have thesame or various different width dimensions and the same or variousdifferent thickness dimensions.

Layer 110 can cover any portion of an exemplary fluid channel. Anexemplary layer 110 can cover any combination of the infinite number ofpossible portions of exemplary fluid channels with alternative portionsof exemplary fluid channels not being covered by layer 110. For example,if a first portion of an exemplary fluid channel is defined as a portionmost proximate an inlet or intake from a heat exchanger, consider thatfirst portion as being covered with layer 110. However, other portionsof an exemplary fluid channel may or may not be covered. Other exemplaryportions of sidewall surface 144 being covered by layer 110 include acenter or middle portion adjacent the first portion. Alternatively, if alast portion of an exemplary fluid channel is defined as a portion mostremoved from the inlet or intake from the heat exchanger, this finalportion may or may not be covered by layer 110. Alternatively, layer 110can cover the first and last portions of an exemplary fluid channelwherein the middle portion of sidewall surface 144 is exposed within theexemplary fluid channel. It should be understood that any portion ofsidewall surface 144 outside an exemplary fluid channel can be coveredwith layer 110, or uncovered, in combination with any portion of theexemplary fluid channel being covered, or uncovered, with layer 110.

In one exemplary embodiment, the exemplary layer 110 is provided in ahelical configuration generally in conformance with the helicalconfiguration of vane structure 158. It should be understood that layer110 can extend over sidewall surface 144 at any angle relative vanestructure 158, for example, along a horizontal axis relative tank 142.Each exemplary layer 110 is positioned adjacent another strip portionover sidewall surface 144. A plurality of strip portions of layer 110are positioned adjacent one another, and preferably the plurality ofstrip portions of layer 110 are against one another to form seams 120between respective edges of strip portions of layer 110. It should beunderstood that any number of layers 110 can be provided over sidewallsurface 144 of wall structure 141. For example, a first portion of anexemplary fluid channel can have about six layers 110, and a middleportion of the exemplary fluid channel can have about four layers 110,and the last portion of the exemplary fluid channel can have about twoor less layers 110. It should be understood that any one portion ofexemplary fluid channel can have any number of layers 110 or lackthereof, and that portions of sidewall surface 144 outside exemplaryfluid channels can have any number of layers 110 or lack thereof. Theexemplary layer 110 will modify tank 142 to effectively change therespective values for the thermal energy transfer characteristicsdiscussed previously for wall structure 141 and sidewall surface 144.

If an exemplary layer 110 comprises a plurality of layers, layer 110 cancomprise any order of the plurality of layers, including air between anytwo of the layers. Additionally, an exemplary one embodiment has layer110 as a solid layer adjacent a porous layer in any order and with anyrespective number of layers. Another embodiment of layer 110 includes acombination of a porous layer, a solid layer and a mesh structure in anyorder and with any respective number of layers. In another embodiment,layer 110 includes a combination of a porous layer over a first portionof an exemplary fluid channel, a solid layer over a second portion whichis different from the first portion of the exemplary fluid channel and amesh structure over a third portion which is different from the firstand second portions of the exemplary fluid channel. Alternatively, eachof the respective first, second and third portions may have a pluralityof layers with various layer structures and various materialcompositions, and combinations of the respective layer structures andmaterial compositions.

Additionally, various thicknesses of the same material compositions canbe provided over different portions of an exemplary fluid channel.Thickness of layer 110 will be understood to be measured in aperpendicular direction relative the sidewall surface 144. For example,layer 110 can comprise ¼ inch polyethylene foam, for example,manufactured as Dupont sill seal and provided as a roll. The roll oflayer 110 is provided generally as continuous strips over sidewallsurface 144 of tank 142. To provide the different thickness, differentportions of an exemplary fluid channel can have a different number oflayers of the ¼ inch polyethylene foam thereby providing different totalthicknesses of layer 110 for the different portions of an exemplaryfluid channel. Alternatively, one portion of an exemplary fluid channelcan have a single layer of ¼ inch polyethylene foam and another portionof the exemplary fluid channel can have a single layer of ¾ inchpolyethylene foam, or any combination of different thicknesses for eachof a plurality of layer 110.

An exemplary thickness dimension of layer 110 ranges from about 0.001inch to about 12 inches. In fact, layer 110 could completely fill achannel region, for example, by an exemplary plastic scratcher padmaterial wherein the porous structure will allow a fluid medium to pass.Another exemplary thickness dimension of layer 110 ranges from about 2inches to about 8 inches, with another exemplary thickness dimensionranges from about 3 inches to about 6 inches, and another exemplarythickness dimension ranges from about 0.125 inches to about 0.5 inches.An exemplary thickness dimension for layer 110 comprises about 0.25inches. Another exemplary thickness dimension for layer 110 comprisesabout 4 inches. Additionally, an exemplary width dimension of layer 110measured between respective seams 120 can range from about 0.5 inch toabout 6 feet (72 inches), with another exemplary width dimension rangingfrom about 2 inches to about 36 inches, and another exemplary widthdimension ranging from about 4 inches to about 24 inches. An exemplarywidth dimension for layer 110 comprises about 4 inches. Anotherexemplary width dimension for layer 110 comprises about 8 inches.

Still referring to FIG. 5, this exemplary embodiment of layer 110 isover an entirety of the area for channel regions 180, 182 and 184, andover only a portion of channel region 186. Portions of sidewall surface144 on one side (right side in this view) of vertical baffle 188represented as channel region 165 are exposed wherein no layer 110 isprovided. The opposite side (left side in this view) of vertical baffle188 has layer 110 over sidewall surface 144. Further in this exemplaryembodiment, layer 110 is provided directly against the sidewall surface144 of tank 142. Alternatively, layer 110 can be spaced from sidewallsurface 144 with a stationary fluid in between, for example, a gas suchas air. It should be understood that layer 110 can be provided overinterior surface 197 of tank 142 (see FIGS. 4A and 11), and over anyportion of interior surface 197, and in combination with layer 110 beingprovided over any portion of sidewall surface 144, or over any portionof interior surface 197 alone.

Referring to FIG. 6, bonding strips 122, for example a tape product,have an adhesive to allow strips 122 to be secured or attached overseams 120 of layer 110. An exemplary bonding strip 122 is doubled sidedfoam tape. Strips 122 will facilitate supporting layer 110 over sidewallsurfaces 144 of tank 142. Alternatively, adhesive such as hot melt glueis provided over seams 120 separately and then strips 122 are providedover the adhesive. The strips 122 can be provided in addition to anadhesive (for example, double-sided foam tape) or glue already havingbeen provided beneath layer 110 between sidewall surface 144 and layer110. Alternatively, strips 122 can be provided without any additionaladhesive between the sidewall surface 144 and layer 110 which leavesstrips 122 to support layer 110 over the wall structure 141. Having onlystrips 122 to support layer 110 will facilitate subsequent removal ofany one portion of layer 110 from sidewall surface 144 if so desired.Removing portions of layer 110 from the portions of sidewall surface 144will allow further modification of tank 142 to provide the capability offurther changing the values of the thermal energy transfercharacteristics for the various portions of the sidewall surface 144.That is, tank 142 can be repeatedly modified to repeatedly change thevalue of the thermal energy transfer characteristics for any one portionof the sidewall surface 144 by adding, and alternatively removing, layer110 from the various one portions of sidewall surface 144.

Now referring to FIG. 7, an exemplary fluid flow of a fluid medium orthermal regulating fluid is illustrated. The fluid flow is possible whenexemplary housing 199 (shown in FIGS. 8-9) is provided over tank 142 asdiscussed subsequently. All the discussions above with respect to sheet15 of FIG. 3 are applicable to housing 199. The following discussionwith respect to fluid flow is with the understanding that housing 199 ofFIGS. 8-9 is in place over tank 142 to form fluid passageways or fluidchannels from channel regions 165, 180, 182, 184 and 186. A rectangularopening 132 represented by dashed lines indicates an opening 132 ofhousing 199 to receive fluid flow from an exemplary heat exchanger (148shown in FIG. 9) relative tank 142. Vertical baffle 188 divides opening132 into two spaced openings, an inlet 136 and an outlet 134. All thediscussions above with respect to inlet 26 and outlet 28 of FIG. 3 areapplicable to inlet 136 and outlet 134. Opening 132, inlet 136 andoutlet 134 are in fluid communication with fluid channels 165, 180, 182,184 and 186. Moreover, opening 132, inlet 136 and outlet 134 areconfigured as rectangles, and in other embodiments, can have otherconfigurations such as circular configurations. Furthermore, inlet 136and outlet 134 can be located at other positions relative tank 142 aslong as fluid communication with exemplary fluid channels is maintained.

Still referring to FIG. 7, the exemplary heat exchanger (148 of FIG. 9)provides an exemplary fluid medium, for example, air through inlet 136.An exemplary heat exchanger 148 is a forced fluid device that includes ablower, fan, chiller, heater, any refrigeration system and an airconditioning unit. An exemplary air conditioning unit is manufactured byHeat Controller, Inc., with an exemplary brand being Comfort-Aire®having an exemplary capacity of 10,000 Btu's. It should be understoodthat a source of air is ambient air, and alternatively, any gas could beused. Additionally, any liquid could be used as a fluid medium, such asglycol and/or water. Fluid flow 138 represents an exemplary beginning orfirst fluid flow of the fluid medium from inlet 136. Fluid flow 138travels over an exemplary first or beginning portion of sidewall surface144 which in this exemplary embodiment is covered by layer 110. Thefluid medium continues to flow around tank 142, for example, fluid flow193 travels through fluid channel 180 and fluid flow 196 travels throughfluid channels 182, 184 and 186. Fluid flow 139 represents an exemplarylast or final fluid flow of the fluid medium through fluid channel 165toward outlet 134. Fluid flow 139 travels over an exemplary last orfinal portion of sidewall surface 144 which in this exemplary embodimentis not covered by layer 110 until fluid flow 139 returns to heatexchanger 148 (FIG. 9) through outlet 134.

An exemplary pair of portions of vane structure 158 extend to intersector join each other to form fluid channel 184. The exemplary pair ofportions of vane structure 158 have exemplary slots or grooves 130 tofacilitate the flow of the fluid medium between adjacent fluid channels.For example, the fluid medium flows into fluid channel 184 from fluidchannels 182 and 186. Additionally, the dimension of vane structure 158which extends from the sidewall surface 144 gradually diminishes as theexemplary pair of portions of vane structure 158 extend to meet at theintersection. This construction also facilitates the flow of the fluidmedium between adjacent channel regions.

Consider an exemplary layer 110 that comprises insulative material.Further consider the exemplary insulative layer 110 provided over thefirst portion, of sidewall surface 144 proximate inlet 136. Theexemplary insulative layer 110 will impede or diminish the transfer ofthermal energy across this first portion of sidewall surface 144. Thatis, the values of the thermal energy transfer characteristics of thefirst portion of sidewall surface 144 are changed or modified by theaddition of the layer 110. This provides the capability to selectivelyadjust and/or modify tank 142 to impede or diminish thermal energytransfer across the first portion of the sidewall surface 144. This willeffectively prevent ice formation on interior surface 197 (FIG. 4A)opposite the first portion of the sidewall surface 144 because thethermal energy transfer power or effect of the fluid medium isdiminished or impeded.

Accordingly, thermal regulating system 140 will provide the capabilityfor selectively modifying and adjusting thermal energy transfercharacteristics of a portion of the wall structure 141 (FIG. 4A) of tank142. Moreover, selectively adjusting and modifying thermal energytransfer characteristics along variable portions of an exemplary fluidchannel fosters thermal energy transfer along an entirety of the paththrough the fluid channel. That is, the fluid medium is prevented fromreaching a temperature equilibrium with the contents within tank 142,and therefore, the thermal energy transfer continues to occur betweenthe contents and the fluid medium through an entirety of the path of thefluid channel. With thermal energy transfer occurring throughout anentirety of the fluid channel, efficiency of thermal regulating system140 is greatly increased. Moreover, the period of time needed to adjustand/or modify a temperature of a region of the contents within a tank isgreatly reduced. Accordingly, if the temperature of a portion of thecontents within a tank is not within an acceptable temperature range,this exemplary embodiment of the thermal regulating system 140 providesthe capability of a quick response time to bring the wayward temperatureback within the acceptable temperature range. Additionally, thecapability of being able to selectively adjust and modify thermal energytransfer characteristics along variable portions of fluid channelsenables the selective creation or forming of different temperaturestrata regions within the wine mass. This is beneficial if you needdifferent regions of the mass of contents within a tank to process atdifferent temperatures, for example, a wine mass during fermentation.

Referring to FIGS. 8-9, an exemplary housing 199 is provided over tank142 to effectively enclose substantially an entirety of sidewall surface144 and form an exemplary fluid channel between respective portions ofvane structure 158. Exemplary materials for housing 199 comprise moldedor malleable material which include thermally insulative material and/orthermally conductive material, for example, polymers, plastics,fiberglass, metals, stainless steel, polyethylene, wood, foam, flexiblefoam, molded polymer composite, formed metal, low density foam, highdensity foam, styrofoam, high density styrofoam and high densitypolyethylene foam, metal alloys, rubber, rubber foam, and including anycombinations of these materials. An exemplary thickness dimension forhousing 199 can range from about 0.1 inch to about 24 inches, from aboutinch to about 12 inches, and from about 2 inches to about 8 inches. Anexemplary thickness dimension for housing 199 is about 2 inches. In oneembodiment, housing 199 is a rectangular piece of material that hasopposite side edges 163 and 164 which extend between a top edge 185 anda bottom edge 187. Side edge 163 has an inwardly extending opening 167.Side edge 164 has an inwardly extending opening 166. Opening 117 isprovided in housing 199 to expose and allow manipulation of secondaccess opening 116 through housing 199. A closure 194 is secured overopening 117 and to housing 199. Exemplary material for housing 199includes styrofoam that can be purchased from Home Depot in large rollsand/or sheets.

Still referring to FIGS. 8-9, housing 199 is wrapped around tank 142wherein side edges 163 and 164 meet to form a seam 195 and housing 199substantially encloses tank 142. Upon wrapping tank 142 with housing199, inwardly extending openings 166 and 167 are aligned and configuredto form previously described opening 132, including inlet 136 and outlet134. Accordingly, inwardly extending openings 166 and 167 form opening132 to receive heat exchanger 148. Housing 199 has a pair of slits 168extending downward from respective inwardly extending openings 166 and167. Each slit 168 terminates to form a hole 169. Slits 168 and holes169 are configured to allow housing 199 to be provided over heatexchanger supports 154 (FIG. 9) during the positioning of housing 199 onand/or off tank 142. However, this is assuming that heat exchanger 148is secured to tank 142 before positioning of housing 199 on and/or offtank 142. Alternatively, housing 199 is positioned relative tank 142before the heat exchanger 148 is secured to tank 142 wherein slits 168may not be needed. Further, once housing 199 is provided over tank 142,top edge 185 of housing 199 is positioned proximate firstcircumferential ring 112 and bottom edge 187 is positioned proximatesecond circumferential ring 157.

Referring to FIG. 9, removable straps 198 are provided over housing 199and closure 194 to secure housing 199 and closure 194 to tank 142.Exemplary straps 198 include 600 lb. polyester strapping. It should beunderstood that removable straps 198 have opposite ends with connectors(not shown) that can be repeatedly connected and unconnected toselectively allow removal and re-attachment of housing 199 relative totank 142. An exemplary housing 199 is supported against vane structure158 without being secured or fastened to vane structure 158 leaving onlystraps 198 to secure housing 199 over tank 142. In another embodiment,housing 199 is secured only to vane structure 158 wherein straps 198 arenot needed. An attachment means or method between housing 199 and vanestructure 158 include screws and/or an adhesive such as glue. In stillanother embodiment, straps 198 are used in combination with theattachment means to secure housing 199 to tank 142. If only straps 198are used, housing 199 can more easily and quickly be removed from tank142 to allow access to fluid channels and layer 110 for additionalmodification of tank 142.

Referring to FIG. 10, another exemplary thermal regulating system 240 isillustrated according to another embodiment of the present invention.This embodiment has outer shell 173 provided over housing 199 ofpreviously-described thermal regulating system 140. Outer shell 173 willprotect housing 199 and provide additional protection to tank 142. Anexemplary outer shell 173 comprises an insulative material and/or aconductive material. An exemplary thickness dimension for an outer shell173 of insulative material will range from about 0.02 inches to about 12inches. An exemplary thickness dimension for an outer shell 173 ofconductive material will range from about 0.030 inches to about 1 inch.An exemplary material for outer shell 173 includes stainless steel orenameled steel.

Referring to FIG. 11, an exemplary sectional view of thermal regulatingsystem 240 is taken along sectional line 11-11 of FIG. 10. The exemplaryvane structure 158 is secured to sidewall surface 144 of tank 142 by atleast one adhesive. An exemplary method of securing vane structure 158to tank 142 is providing tape 175 on sidewall surface 144 and anadhesive 171 between tape 175 and vane structure 158, with adhesivebeing provided over at least one of the tape 175 and vane structure 158.It should be understood that the order of tape 175 and adhesive 171 canbe reversed between vane structure 158 and sidewall surface 144. Itshould be understood that this exemplary method of securing vanestructure 158 to tank 142 is applicable to all embodiments of thermalregulating systems described within this document. An exemplary tape 175includes poly foam tape such as double stick foam tape manufactured by3M. An exemplary adhesive includes glue, such as hot melt glue.

Tank 142 is supported on a foundation 183 adjacent base portion 156. Anexemplary outer shell 173 is secured to second circumferential ring 157by screw 179. The space between housing 199 and layer 110 represents anexemplary fluid channel 191. While straps 198 are not provided, in oneexemplary embodiment of thermal regulating system 240 can be providedover housing 199 under outer shell 173. It should be understood thatlayer 110 can be provided over any portion of interior surface 197 ofwall structure 141 instead of being provided over sidewall surface 144of tank 142. Alternatively, layer 110 can be provided over any portionof interior surface 197 of wall structure 141 in combination with beingprovided over sidewall surface 144 of tank 142.

Referring to FIG. 12, another exemplary thermal regulating system 300 isillustrated according to another embodiment of the present invention. Inthis embodiment, the outer shell 173 is replaced by a plurality ofsectional pieces 302 secured over housing 199 and tank 142. The width ofrespective sectional pieces 302 measured along the vertical axis canhave any dimension with the understanding that the smaller the width,the more sectional pieces 302 needed to cover tank 142. An exemplarywidth of exemplary sectional pieces 302 is from about 6 inches to about24 feet with an exemplary width being about 2 feet. One exemplarysectional piece 302 is secured to an elevationally adjacent sectionalpiece 302 by rivets 304 and/or screws.

Referring to FIGS. 13 and 13A, an exemplary sectional view of thermalregulating system 300 is taken along sectional line 13-13 of FIG. 12. Inthis exemplary embodiment, an exemplary housing 399 replaces housing 199of the previously-described thermal regulating system. Housing 399comprises a plurality of sections of material over tank 142. Eachsection of housing 399 is spaced elevationally adjacent a next sectionof housing 399 leaving a spacing 312 over exemplary vane structure 358between respective sections of housing 399. In this exemplaryembodiment, vane structure 358 replaces vane structure 158 of thepreviously-described thermal regulating system with the substantialdifference being different dimensions. Vane structure 358 has anexemplary width extending along the vertical axis comprising about 4inches and has an exemplary thickness extending perpendicularly fromtank 142 comprising about 4 inches. Respective sections of housing 399can rest against vane structure 358 with or without an adhesive. In thisexemplary embodiment, sections of housing 399 have a space 320 relativerespective sectional pieces 302, wherein the spacing can be provided bystraps 198. In another exemplary embodiment, sections of housing 399 canbe provided against housing 399.

Referring to FIG. 14, another exemplary thermal regulating system 400 isillustrated according to another embodiment of the present invention. Inthis exemplary embodiment, an exemplary mesh or screen structure 450replaces layer 110 of the previously-described thermal regulatingsystem. It should be understood that mesh structure 450 can be providedin combination with layer 110. An exemplary screen or mesh structure 450can be provided over any portion of the surface area of sidewall surface144 of tank 142. An exemplary screen or mesh structure 450 can beprovided over any portion of the surface area of exemplary fluidchannels. Exemplary shapes of openings in exemplary mesh structures 450can comprise diamonds, squares, circles, rectangles, hexagons, etc.Exemplary combination configurations of screen or mesh structures 450can comprise a plurality of mesh structures, one positioned over theother, and having the same or different shapes of openings wherein theopenings can be aligned or misaligned over each other. Exemplarymaterials for mesh structures 450 include fibers, metal alloys,plastics, polymers, textiles, fabrics, silk, rubber, polymers, plastics,fiberglass, metals, stainless steel, polyethylene, wood, foam, flexiblefoam, molded polymer composite, formed metal, low density polyethylenefoam, high density foam, styrofoam, high density styrofoam and highdensity polyethylene foam, metal alloys and including any combinationsof these materials.

At least one exemplary method is now explained how the exemplary meshstructure 450 will change the value of at least one thermal energytransfer characteristic of tank 142. As a volume of an exemplary fluidmedium such as air flows through an exemplary fluid channel, a portionof the volume of air will flow over mesh structure 450, another portionof the volume of air will exist in the openings of mesh structure 450.The portion of air in the openings will be relatively stationaryrelative to the portion of air moving over the mesh structure 450.Accordingly, the relatively stationary portion of air in the openingswill act as an insulator which impedes or diminishes thermal energytransfer between the portion of air moving over the mesh structure 450and the sidewall surface 144 of tank 142. In this exemplary thermalregulating system 400, the portions of sidewall surface 144 within thefluid channel which are covered by mesh structure 450 will have adifferent value for the at least one thermal energy transfercharacteristic of tank 142 relative the portions of the sidewall surface144 not covered by mesh structure 450.

Moreover, a section of mesh structure 450 can be stretched or strainedby tensioning to selectively change or modify the influence the meshstructure 450 has on that portion of sidewall surface 144 being coveredby the section. That is, if the sidewall surface 144 has a first valuefor the at least one thermal energy transfer characteristic, then theportion of sidewall surface 144 which is covered by mesh structure 450has a second value for the at least one thermal energy transfercharacteristic. Additionally, by stretching the section of the meshstructure 450, that portion of sidewall 144 covered by the stretchedsection of mesh structure 450 will have a second third value for the atleast one thermal energy transfer characteristic. The third value willbe a different from the first and second values for the at least onethermal energy transfer characteristic. It should be understood thatmesh or screen structure 450 can be provided over any portion ofinterior surface 197 (FIGS. 4A and 11) of wall structure 141 instead ofbeing provided over sidewall surface 144 of tank 142. Alternatively,mesh or screen structure 450 can be provided over any portion ofinterior surface 197 of wall structure 141 in combination with beingprovided over sidewall surface 144 of tank 142.

Another exemplary thermal regulating system according to anotherembodiment of the present invention, not illustrated, is now described.First consider that a fluid medium moving through a channel region willflow substantially in a laminar configuration. This laminar flow willhave a first value for the at least one thermal energy transfercharacteristic. Altering the laminar will produce another value for theat least one thermal energy transfer characteristic. Accordingly, thisexemplary embodiment includes a method of placing obstructions on thesidewall surface 144 within channel regions. The obstructions willinterrupt the laminar flow of the fluid medium to form turbulence withinthe fluid flow. The turbulent flow of the fluid medium will establish aheat transfer characteristic that produces a second value for the atleast one thermal energy transfer characteristic.

Exemplary obstructions include any piece of material secured to sidewallsurface 144, for example, by providing a rough coating of granulessecured in a resin. Another exemplary method of providing obstructionsincludes blowing foam pieces on a wet resin base wherein the resin baseis provided or coated on selected portions of the sidewall surface 144.The obstructions can be placed randomly on sidewall surface 144, or inan orderly or patterned fashion. The greater the volume or mass of eachobstruction corresponds to an increase in the turbulence created in thefluid flow. It should be understood that only a few obstructions areneeded to create the turbulent flow, and as each increases in size, massand/or volume, the fewer number of obstructions needed. Moreover, itshould be understood that turbulent fluid flow will generally increasethermal energy transfer across the sidewall surface 144. Accordingly,generally, the second value for the at least one thermal energy transfercharacteristic resulting from turbulent fluid flow will be greater thanthe first value resulting from laminar fluid flow.

Referring to FIG. 15, another exemplary thermal regulating system 500 isillustrated according to another embodiment of the present invention. Inthis exemplary embodiment, an exemplary coating or paint material 504replaces mesh structure 450 of the previously-described thermalregulating system. It should be understood that coating 504 can beprovided in combination with layer 110 and/or in combination with meshstructure 450. An exemplary coating 504 includes a resin and can beprovided over any portion of the surface area of sidewall surface 144 oftank 142. An exemplary coating 504 comprises a degree of opaqueness, andalternatively stated, a degree of translucency. An exemplary coating 504comprises a fluid having a material therein that provides a degree ofopaqueness or translucency to coating 504 wherein the degree ofopaqueness or translucency can be selectively altered by the removal oraddition of the material to coating 504. An exemplary material that isadded to the coating 504 is graphite. For example, by changing ormodifying the amount of graphite material within coating 504, the degreeof opaqueness or translucency of coating 504 will correspondingly changeor be modified. The exemplary coating 504 can be changed or modified tohave an infinite number of different degrees of opaqueness ortranslucency.

In one exemplary embodiment, the amount of graphite within coating 504is increased creating a higher degree of opaqueness, and statedalternatively, creating a lower degree of translucency. It should beunderstood that as the degree of opaqueness increases for coating 504,an increase in thermal energy is being absorbed by coating 504, andtherefore, a decrease in thermal energy is being transferred across thesidewall surface 144 of tank 142. The addition of graphite to the resinfor coating 504 corresponds to thermal energy being impeded or partiallyblocked from transferring across the sidewall surface 144 of tank 142.

In an exemplary configuration of coating 504, a first portion ofsidewall surface 144 of tank 142 comprises coating 504 having a firstdegree of opaqueness or translucency, and a second different portion ofsidewall surface 144 of tank 142 comprises coating 504 having a seconddifferent degree of opaqueness or translucency. The first degree isgreater than the second degree, and alternatively, the first degree isless than the second degree. In another embodiment, a third differentportion of sidewall surface 144 of tank 142 comprises coating 504 havinga third different degree of opaqueness or translucency. It should beunderstood that any coating 504 can have its degree, of opaqueness ortranslucency selectively altered or changed to a lesser degree or agreater degree of opaqueness or translucency.

Still referring to FIG. 15, another exemplary coating 504 is described.An exemplary coating 504 comprises a degree of reflectivity. Anexemplary coating 504 comprises a fluid having silver and/or aluminummaterial therein, or any material that has a reflectivity quality andprovides a reflectivity quality to coating 504 when added to coating504. For example, by changing or modifying the amount of silver and/oraluminum material within coating 504, the degree of reflectivity ofcoating 504 will correspondingly change or be modified. The exemplarycoating 504 can be changed or modified to have an infinite number ofdifferent degrees of reflectivity. For example, as the amount of silverand/or aluminum is increased within the resin of coating 504, the degreeof reflectivity is increased. As the degree of reflectivity of coating504 is increased, the more thermal energy that is impeded or partiallyblocked from reaching the sidewall surface 144 and the contents withintank 142.

In an exemplary configuration of coating 504, a first portion ofsidewall surface 144 of tank 142 comprises coating 504 having a firstdegree of reflectivity. A second different portion of sidewall surface144 comprises coating 504 having a second different degree ofreflectivity. The first degree is greater than the second degree, andalternatively, the first degree is less than the second degree. Inanother embodiment, a third different portion of sidewall surface 144 oftank 142 comprises coating 504 having a third different degree ofreflectivity. It should be understood that any coating 504 can have itsdegree of reflectivity selectively altered or changed to a lesser degreeor a greater degree of reflectivity. It should be understood thatcoating or paint material 504 can be provided over any portion ofinterior surface 197 (FIGS. 4A and 11) of wall structure 141 instead ofbeing provided over sidewall surface 144 of tank 142. Alternatively,coating or paint material 504 can be provided over any portion ofinterior surface 197 of wall structure 141 in combination with beingprovided over sidewall surface 144 of tank 142.

Referring to FIG. 16, another exemplary thermal regulating system 600 isillustrated according to another embodiment of the present invention. Inthis exemplary embodiment, an exemplary collection of fin structures 612extend upwardly from portions of sidewall surface 144 of tank 142. Theexemplary fin structures 612 replace coating or paint material 504 ofthe previously-described thermal regulating system. It should beunderstood that fin structures 612 can be provided in combination withcoating 504, layer 110 and/or in combination with mesh structure 450. Anexemplary collection of fin structures 612 can be provided over anyportion of the surface area of sidewall surface 144 of tank 142. Anexemplary collection of fin structures 612 comprises intermittentlyspaced fin structures 612 extending generally perpendicularly fromsidewall surface 144 having a spacing 618 between each respective finstructure 612. Spacing 618 between respective fin structures 612 can beany dimension desired with an exemplary range for spacing 618 being fromabout 0.1 inch to about 12 inches, with another exemplary range forspacing 618 being from about 1 inch to about 6 inches. An exemplarydimension for spacing 618 comprises 2 inches.

Still referring to FIG. 16, exemplary fin structures 612 can extend fromsidewall surface 144 at any angle desired and ranging from about greaterthan 0 degrees to less than about 180 degrees. Exemplary fin structures612 can comprise any material discussed previously with respect tomaterial for vane structure 158. Exemplary fin structures 612 can extendfrom sidewall surface 144 and terminate with an uppermost surface 616.The uppermost surface 616 can be spaced from the sidewall surface 144 atany distance desired, and preferably, less than the same dimension forvane structure 158. If the vane structure 158 extends at a firstdimension value from the sidewall surface 144, fins structures 612 canextend from sidewall surface 144 at any percentage of the firstdimension value. For example, an exemplary percentage range includesfins structures 612 extending from sidewall surface 144 at least greaterthan 0 percent to less than 100 percent of the first dimension value,with another exemplary percentage range being from about 0.5 percent toabout 25 percent.

In this exemplary embodiment, exemplary fin structures 612 have oppositeends spaced from respective portions of vane structure 158. It should beunderstood that the opposite ends can be spaced at any distance from therespective portions of vane structure 158, including being formedagainst the respective portions of vane structure 158. It should beunderstood that while the fin structures 612 extend substantially alongor parallel to a vertical axis, the fin structures 612 can extendsubstantially at any angle desired relative the vertical axis. It shouldbe understood that any shape, size, placement and angle of respectivefin structures 612 can be adjusted, either individually or in groups, tomodify or alter the thermal energy transfer characteristics of thesidewall surface 144 of tank 142. For example, fin structures 612 can beformed to be capable of movement relative sidewall surface 144 whereinthe fin structures 612 can rescind below the sidewall surface 144 intotank 142. In this position, the fin structures 612 will not influencesignificantly the thermal energy transfer characteristics of thesidewall surface 144 of tank 142. Moreover, the fin structures 612 canmove to position the uppermost surface 616 at selective elevationaldistances from sidewall surface 144. By selectively adjusting thedistance of the uppermost surface 616 relative the sidewall surface 144,the thermal energy transfer characteristics of the sidewall surface 144is selectively adjusted. Exemplary systems which provide the capabilityof moving fin structures 612 include manually moving the fin structures612, electro-mechanically moving the fin structures 612,electrostatically moving the fin structures 612, and automaticallymoving the fin structures 612.

At least one exemplary method is now explained how the exemplary finstructures 612 will change the value of at least one thermal energytransfer characteristic of tank 142. As a volume of an exemplary fluidmedium such as air flows through an exemplary fluid channel, a portionof the volume of air will flow over fin structures 612, another portionof the volume of air will exist in the spacings 618 between respectivefin structures 612. The portion of air in the spacings 618 will berelatively stationary relative to the portion of air moving over the finstructures 612. Accordingly, the relatively stationary portion of air inthe spacings 618 will act as an insulator which impedes or diminishesthermal energy transfer between the portion of air moving over the finstructures 612 and the sidewall surface 144 of tank 142. In thisexemplary thermal regulating system 600, the portions of sidewallsurface 144 within the fluid channel which are covered by fin structures612 will have a different value for the at least one thermal energytransfer characteristic of tank 142 relative the portions of thesidewall surface 144 not covered by fin structures 612.

Another exemplary thermal regulating system according to anotherembodiment of the present invention, not illustrated, is now described.A structure similar to a set of venetian blinds is provided to encircletank 142 and provided within the channel regions. The venetian blindstructure will have a plurality of thin slats wherein the angle of theslats relative the sidewall surface 144 is controlled or adjusted bychords. The slats can extend at any angle relative a horizontal axis,and one embodiment the slats are configured similar to fin structures612 of the previously described exemplary thermal regulating system 600.As the angle of the slats change relative the sidewall surface 144, thecorresponding values of the thermal energy transfer characteristics willchange, and the change will be selectable to the desire of the operator.

Similarly, another exemplary embodiment of present invention includesinflatable tubes provided in the channel regions. A second fluid mediumwill be provided in the inflatable tubes that can be the same, ordifferent from, the fluid medium provided in the channel regions. Thevolume of the second fluid medium is selected to inflate the tubes to aselectable size of volume. As the size or volume of the inflatable tubesis selectively adjusted to increase or decrease, the correspondingvalues of the thermal energy transfer characteristics will change, andthe change will be selectable to the desire of the operator. If thesecond fluid medium is to be the same as the fluid medium provided inthe channel regions, then the inflatable tubes can be in fluidcommunication with the channel regions, and alternatively, theinflatable tubes are in fluid communication with the channel regions.

All the above described exemplary inventive embodiments of the thermalregulating systems (excluding the one described in FIGS. 3 and 3A) willimpede or diminish the transfer of thermal energy across selectedportions of sidewall surface 144 of tank 142, including the selectedportions of sidewall surface 144 within exemplary fluid channels. Thatis, the values of the thermal energy transfer characteristics of theselected portions of sidewall surface 144 are changed or modified by theexemplary inventive embodiments of the thermal regulating systems Thisprovides the capability to selectively adjusting and/or modifying tank142 to impede or diminish thermal energy transfer across any selectedportion of the sidewall surface 144. This will beneficially encourageconvection currents within the contents of tank 142 by encouraging anoverall and uniform thermal energy transfer along an entirety of thechannel regions. This result will effectively prevent ice formation oninterior surface 197 (FIG. 4) opposite any selected portion of thesidewall surface 144. Ice prevention is prevented because the thermalenergy transfer power or effect of the fluid medium is diminished orimpeded in selective areas to evenly distribute thermal energy across anentirety of the channel regions. That is, the temperature extremes ofcooling or heating are eliminated allowing control of the thermal energytransfer and control of the temperature at the desired level of sidewallsurface 144, and therefore, control of the temperature of the contentswithin tank 142.

Moreover, selectively adjusting and modifying thermal energy transfercharacteristics along any selected portion of an exemplary fluid channelfosters thermal energy transfer along an entirety of the path throughthe fluid channel. That is, the fluid medium is prevented from reachinga temperature equilibrium with the contents within tank 142, andtherefore, the thermal energy transfer continues to occur between thecontents and the fluid medium through an entirety of the path of thefluid channel. With thermal energy transfer occurring throughout anentirety of the fluid channel, efficiency and control of the thermalenergy transfer for thermal regulating system 140 is greatly increased.Moreover, the period of time needed to adjust and/or modify atemperature of a region of the contents within a tank is greatlyreduced. Accordingly, if the temperature of a portion of the contentswithin a tank at a particular level is not within an acceptabletemperature range, these exemplary embodiments of the thermal regulatingsystems provide the capability of a quick response time to bring thewayward temperature back within the acceptable temperature range.Additionally, the capability of being able to selectively adjust andmodify thermal energy transfer characteristics along variable selectedportions of fluid channels enables the selective creation or forming ofdifferent temperature strata regions within the contents within tank142. This is beneficial if you need different regions of the mass ofcontents within a tank to process at different temperatures, forexample, a wine mass during fermentation.

Referring to FIGS. 17-19, exemplary openings and/or slots are shown inexemplary vane structure 158 to facilitate the flow of an exemplaryfluid medium through exemplary fluid channels between respectiveportions of vane structure 158. Referring to FIG. 17, exemplary openings137 are illustrated to extend through an entirety of vane 158 and have acircular cross section. An exemplary range for diameters of openings 137comprises from about 0.2 inch to about 36 inches. Other cross sectionconfigurations of openings 137 are possible, for example, square,rectangular, hexagonal, etc. Vane 158 has an outermost edge 151connected to an upper surface 153 and opposite lower surface not shown.An exemplary upper surface 153 (and corresponding lower surface) aregenerally perpendicular to sidewall surface 144 and an exemplaryoutermost edge 151 is generally parallel to sidewall surface 144.Furthermore, an exemplary range of lengths 133 for upper surface 153(and similarly lower surface not shown) comprises from about 0.1 inch toabout 40 inches measured from layer 110 to outermost edge 151 (ormeasured from sidewall surface 144 if the vane 158 is provided directlyagainst sidewall surface 144). Another exemplary range of lengths 133for upper surface 153 comprises from about 2.0 inches to about 10inches, for example, about 4.0 inches. An exemplary range of thicknesses135 for outermost edge 151 comprises from about 0.03 inch to about 6inches, for example, 2 inches. It should be understood that anyreference to layer 110 in this document also includes mesh structure450, coating 504 and fin structures 612.

Referring to FIGS. 18-19, exemplary slots 130 formed in vane 158 areformed to extend from outermost edge 151 to a selected distance inwardlyat least partially into vane 158 toward tank 142. In other embodiments,exemplary slots 130 extend from outermost edge 151 entirely through vane158 to sidewall surface 144 or layer 110 of tank 142. Exemplarydistances for slots 130 measured from outermost edge 151 toward tank 142can all be the same distances, or have various different distances 143,145, 147 and 149. It should be understood that all of the exemplaryembodiments of exemplary layers 110 described within this document canbe provided over any portion of the interior surface 197 of tank 142,with or without the exemplary layer 110 being provided over sidewallsurface 144. It should be understood that all of the exemplaryembodiments of exemplary fluid channels described within this documentcan be provided over any portion of the interior surface 197 of tank142, with or without the exemplary fluid channels being provided oversidewall surface 144.

It should be understood that the prior art tank of FIG. 1 can beincorporated into any one of the above discussed inventive embodimentsof thermal regulating systems, FIGS. 3-19, to resolve the thermal energytransfer problems discussed relative the prior art tank of FIG. 1. Forexample, sheet or layer of flexible material 15 (FIG. 3) and/or housing199 (FIG. 8) can be provided over tank 4 (FIG. 1) to form an air jacketaround tank 4 (FIG. 1), with or without the fluid channels. A forced airdevice could be used to circulate ambient air around tank 4 (FIG. 1)using the air, and glycol moving through thermal jacket 3 (FIG. 1), asheat exchanging sources. Additionally, the glycol can be circulatedthrough an exemplary heat exchanger such as the heat exchangers 34 (FIG.3) and 148 (FIG. 9) which would be in fluid communication with the airjacket around tank 4 (FIG. 1).

In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described inlanguage more or less specific as to structural and methodical features.It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited tothe specific features shown and described, since the means hereindisclosed comprise preferred forms of putting the invention into effect.The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms ormodifications within the proper scope of the appended claimsappropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine ofequivalents.

1-14. (canceled)
 15. A container comprising: a wall comprising an outersurface opposite an inner surface, the inner surface defining at least aportion of a cavity, the wall having a first rate of thermal energytransfer; and a fluid channel over at least a segment of the outersurface of the wall, at least a portion of the segment having a secondrate of thermal energy transfer being different from the first rate ofthermal energy transfer.
 16. The container of claim 15 wherein the firstrate of thermal energy transfer is defined by a first degree ofopaqueness, and wherein the second rate of thermal energy transfer isdefined by a second degree of opaqueness, the second degree beingdifferent relative the first degree.
 17. The container of claim 15wherein the second rate of thermal energy transfer is defined bymaterial over the portion of the segment of the outer surface of thewall, and wherein the first rate of thermal energy transfer is definedby sections of the wall being devoid of the material.
 18. The containerof claim 15 wherein the first rate of thermal energy transfer is definedby a first degree of reflectivity, and wherein the second rate ofthermal energy transfer is defined by a second degree of reflectivity,the second degree being different relative the first degree.
 19. Thecontainer of claim 15 wherein the second rate of thermal energy transferis defined by a porous layer over the portion of the segment of theouter surface of the wall, and wherein the first rate of thermal energytransfer is defined by sections of the wall being devoid of thematerial.
 20. The container of claim 15 wherein the first rate ofthermal energy transfer is defined by a first thickness of the wall, andwherein the second rate of thermal energy transfer is defined by asecond thickness of the wall, the second thickness being differentrelative the first thickness.
 21. A system for processing contentswithin a container, the system comprising: a container comprising anouter surface opposite an inner surface, the inner surface defining atleast a portion of a cavity; a fluid channel over at least a segment ofthe outer surface of the wall, a first portion of the segment having afirst thermal energy transfer characteristic and a second portion of thesegment having a second thermal energy transfer characteristic differentfrom the first thermal energy transfer characteristic; and a source of afluid medium in fluid communication with the fluid channel.
 22. Thesystem of claim 21 further comprising a heat exchanger in fluidcommunication with the fluid channel and capable of altering atemperature of the source of the fluid medium.
 23. The system of claim21 wherein the source of the fluid medium comprises ambient air.
 24. Thesystem of claim 21 wherein the first portion of the segment of the outersurface of the wall comprises an insulative layer, and wherein thesecond portion of the segment of the outer surface of the wall is devoidof the insulative layer.
 25. A container comprising: a sidewallcomprising a lower terminus; a bottom wall covering the lower terminusof the sidewall, the sidewall and bottom wall establishing a cavity toreceive material; a fluid channel over a first and a second portion ofthe sidewall, the first portion being different from the second portion;and an insulative layer over the first portion of the sidewall and thesecond portion being devoid of the insulative layer.
 26. The containerof claim 25 wherein the first portion comprises an outer surface of thesidewall.
 27. The container of claim 25 wherein the first portioncomprises an inner surface of the sidewall.
 28. The container of claim25 wherein the insulative layer comprises at least one of the following:solid material layer, a porous layer, a screen structure, a meshstructure, plastic material, a scratcher pad material, blown insulativematerial, a foam material, coatings of material, paint material, paintmaterial with particles provided therein and any various combination ofthe materials and structures.
 29. The container of claim 25 wherein theinsulative layer comprises at least one of the following: molded polymercomposite, fiberglass, metal, metal alloy, metal foil, rubber, lowdensity foam, high density foam, Styrofoam, high density Styrofoam, highdensity polyethylene foam and any various combination of the materials.30. The container of claim 25 wherein the fluid channel comprises finstructures.
 31. The container of claim 25 wherein the fluid channelcomprises vane structures, the vane structures comprising openings. 32.The container of claim 25 wherein the fluid channel comprises vanestructures, the vane structures comprising slots.